{"id":87631,"date":"2022-10-04T00:55:01","date_gmt":"2022-10-03T17:55:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/httl.com.vn\/wiki\/ion-o2-doc-la-gi\/"},"modified":"2022-10-04T00:55:01","modified_gmt":"2022-10-03T17:55:01","slug":"ion-o2-doc-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/httl.com.vn\/wiki\/ion-o2-doc-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ecdc T\u00ean C\u00e1c Ion Ph\u1ed5 Bi\u1ebfn V\u00e0 Vi\u1ebft C\u00f4ng Th\u1ee9c C\u1ee7a Ch\u00fang, Danh Ph\u00e1p Iupac"},"content":{"rendered":"

Li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh do l\u1ef1c h\u00fat t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ion mang \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00e1i d\u1ea5u (ion mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ion mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m). <\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n \u0111ang xem: C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00ean ion <\/p>\n

V\u1eady li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh? C\u00e1c cation v\u00e0 anion \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y nh\u00e9. <\/p>\n

I. S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh cation v\u00e0 anion <\/strong> <\/p>\n

* ion, cation v\u00e0 anion <\/strong> <\/p>\n

a) D\u1ea1ng ion <\/strong> <\/p>\n

– nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trung h\u00f2a v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n. Khi m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cho ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t electron, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed mang \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ion. <\/p>\n

b) C\u00e1c cation l\u00e0 g\u00ec? <\/strong> <\/p>\n

– nguy\u00ean t\u1eed d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0\u1eddng (1, 2 ho\u1eb7c 3) electron l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ion v\u1edbi (1, 2 ho\u1eb7c 3) \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 cation. <\/p>\n

M \u2192 Mn ne <\/p>\n

* V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/strong> S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh Lithium Cation <\/p>\n

Li \u2192 Li e <\/p>\n

– Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 1, 2, 3 electron \u1edf l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng d\u1ec5 m\u1ea5t electron v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ion d\u01b0\u01a1ng. <\/p>\n

Na \u2192 Na e <\/p>\n

Mg \u2192 Mg2 2e <\/p>\n

Al \u2192 Al3 3e <\/p>\n

\u2022 T\u00ean cation: <\/strong> > Cation kim lo\u1ea1i <\/strong> <\/p>\n

* V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/strong> cation natri. <\/p>\n

c) anion l\u00e0 g\u00ec? <\/strong> <\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i phi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn th\u00eam (1, 2 ho\u1eb7c 3) electron, v\u00ec v\u1eady l\u1edbp v\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed qu\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n (1, 2 ho\u1eb7c 3)) c\u00e1c ion c\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 anion. <\/p>\n

X ne \u2192 Xn- <\/p>\n

* V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/strong> S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh Anion Flo <\/p>\n

F 1e \u2192 F – <\/p>\n

– Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed phi kim lo\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn 1, 2 ho\u1eb7c 3 electron n\u00ean l\u1edbp v\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed tr\u01a1, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ion \u00e2m. <\/p>\n

Cl 1e \u2192 Cl – <\/p>\n

O 2e \u2192 O2- <\/p>\n

\u2022 C\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi t\u00ean c\u00e1c anion: <\/strong> Axit anion- baz\u01a1 T\u00ean (tr\u1eeb O2-, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t anion oxit) <\/strong> <\/p>\n

* V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/strong> F-anion florua. <\/p>\n

II. C\u00e1c ion \u0111\u01a1n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed <\/strong> <\/p>\n

1. M\u1ed9t ion monatomic l\u00e0 g\u00ec? <\/strong> <\/p>\n

– Ion \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ion bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. <\/p>\n

* V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/strong> cation Li, Na, Mg2, Al3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c anion F-, S2-. <\/p>\n

2. Ion \u0111a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec? <\/strong> <\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c ion \u0111a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m nguy\u00ean t\u1eed mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c \u00e2m. <\/p>\n

* V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/strong> amoni cation NH4 hydroxit anion OH-, anion sunfat SO42. <\/p>\n

III. S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion <\/strong> <\/p>\n

1. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion l\u00e0 g\u00ec? <\/strong> <\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a: Li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh do l\u1ef1c h\u00fat t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ion tr\u00e1i d\u1ea5u. <\/p>\n

2. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion <\/strong> <\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014 Li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh gi\u1eefa kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 phi kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. <\/p>\n

3. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion <\/strong> <\/p>\n

– <\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng b\u00e3o h\u00f2a v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng. <\/p>\n

* V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/strong> X\u00e9t s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed NaCl. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Na (1s22s22p63s1) nh\u01b0\u1eddng 1 electron cho nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Cl (1s22s22p6), v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed clo nh\u1eadn 1 electron t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Na v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh anion Cl- (1s22s22p63s23p6). Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 sau: <\/p>\n

-\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh Hai ion mang \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00e1i d\u1ea5u h\u00fat nhau b\u1eb1ng l\u1ef1c h\u00fat t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed NaCl: <\/p>\n

NaCl- \u2192 NaCl <\/p>\n

– Cation Na v\u00e0 Cl – anion l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion. <\/p>\n

– Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc sau: <\/p>\n

IV. C\u00e1c ion tinh th\u1ec3 <\/strong> <\/p>\n

1. Tinh th\u1ec3 NaCl <\/strong> <\/p>\n

– \u1ede tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eafn, NaCl t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 ion. Trong m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 NaCl, c\u00e1c ion Na v\u00e0 Cl- \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 xen k\u1ebd tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf. Xung quanh m\u1ed7i ion c\u00f3 6 ion tr\u00e1i d\u1ea5u g\u1ea7n nhau, nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh sau: <\/p>\n

2. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t chung c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ion <\/strong> <\/p>\n

– Tinh th\u1ec3 ion r\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00e1 r\u1eafn, ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 bay h\u01a1i. V\u00ec l\u1ef1c h\u00fat t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ion tr\u00e1i d\u1ea5u trong tinh th\u1ec3 ion. <\/p>\n

* V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/strong> NaCl c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y 8000C v\u00e0 MgO c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y 28000C. <\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ion th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f2a tan nhi\u1ec1u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Khi tan ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00f2n \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eafn th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. <\/p>\n

V. B\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 Li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion <\/strong> <\/p>\n

* B\u00e0i 1 trang 59 SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10: <\/strong> Li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong NaCl l\u00e0 do . <\/p>\n

A. Hai h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c h\u00fat \u00ealectron r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh. <\/p>\n

B. Na v\u00e0 Cl d\u00f9ng chung m\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed 1 electron. <\/p>\n

Xem th\u00eam: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd, t\u1ea1o t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n Gmail mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh <\/p>\n

C. M\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u cho ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn electron, do \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1eabn nhau, h\u00fat c\u00e1c ion c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea5u. <\/p>\n

D. Na \u2192 Na e; Cl e \u2192 Cl-; Na Cl- \u2192 NaCl. <\/p>\n

Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang nh\u1ea5t <\/p>\n

\u00b0 B\u00e0i 1 trang 59 SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10 L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i: <\/strong> <\/p>\n

– \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang: D .Na \u2192 Na e; Cl e \u2192 Cl-; NaCl- \u2192 NaCl. <\/p>\n

* B\u00e0i 2 trang 59 SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10: <\/strong> Mu\u1ed1i \u0103n r\u1eafn l\u00e0 <\/p>\n

A. Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed NaCl <\/p>\n

B. C\u00e1c ion Na v\u00e0 Cl- <\/p>\n

C.Tinh th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng: C\u00e1c ion Na v\u00e0 Cl- ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch xen k\u1ebd. <\/p>\n

D. Tinh th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng: C\u00e1c ion Na v\u00e0 Cl- ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u xen k\u1ebd nhau th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed duy nh\u1ea5t. <\/p>\n

Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang nh\u1ea5t. <\/p>\n

\u00b0 Gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i 2 Trang 59 SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10: <\/strong> <\/p>\n

– \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang: C. Tinh th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng: C\u00e1c ion Na v\u00e0 Cl- ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf m\u1ed7i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh. <\/p>\n

* B\u00e0i 3 trang 60 SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10: <\/strong> a) Vi\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron c\u1ee7a cation liti (Li) v\u00e0 anion oxit (O2-). <\/p>\n

b) C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch trong ion Li v\u00e0 O2- do \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 c\u00f3? <\/p>\n

b) p> <\/p>\n

c) Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00ed n\u00e0o c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron v\u1edbi Li v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00ed n\u00e0o c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron. O2-. <\/p>\n

d) T\u1ea1i sao 1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed oxi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Liti? <\/p>\n

\u00b0 B\u00e0i 3 trang 59 SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10: <\/strong> <\/p>\n

a) C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron c\u1ee7a cation liti (Li) l\u00e0 1s2 v\u00e0 oxit c\u1ee7a anion (O2-) l\u00e0 1s22s22p6. <\/p>\n

b) \u0110i\u1ec7n t\u00edch trong Li l\u00e0 do m\u1ea5t \u0111i 1e, c\u00f2n O2- l\u00e0 do O nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n 2 electron. <\/p>\n

c) Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00ed Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u1edbi Li <\/p>\n

v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00ed Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u1edbi O2-. <\/p>\n

d) V\u00ec m\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed liti ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng 1e n\u00ean m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed oxi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m 2e. <\/p>\n

2Li \u2192 2Li 2e; <\/p>\n

O 2e \u2192 O2-; <\/p>\n

2Li O2- \u2192 Li2O. <\/p>\n

* 4 B\u00e0i 60 SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10: <\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t proton, n\u01a1tron, electron trong c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 ion sau: <\/p>\n

a) <\/p>\n

b) <\/p>\n

\u00b0 Gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i 4 Trang 60 SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10: <\/strong> <\/p>\n

– S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng proton, n\u01a1tron, electron trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 ion nh\u01b0 sau (l\u01b0u \u00fd th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1): <\/p>\n

\u2022 S\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 p _ s\u1ed1 e _ s\u1ed1 n. <\/strong> <\/p>\n

_ 1 _ 0 _ 1. <\/p>\n

_ 18 _ 18 _ 22 <\/p>\n

p> <\/p>\n

_ 17 _ 18 _ 18 <\/p>\n

_26_24_30 <\/p>\n

_20_18_20 <\/p>\n

_16_18_16 <\/p>\n

_13_ 10 _ 14 <\/p>\n

* B\u00e0i 5 trang 60 SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10: <\/strong> So s\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp electron trong c\u00e1c cation sau: Na, Mg2, Al3 <\/p>\n

\u00b0 Gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i 5 trang 60 Trang 10 SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: <\/strong> <\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ion Na, Mg2, Al3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 10 electron. <\/p>\n

V\u00ec ZNa = 11 Na c\u00f3 11e \u21d2 Na c\u00f3 11 – 1 = 10e <\/p>\n

ZMg = 12 Mg c \u00f3 12e Mg2 c\u00f3 12 – 2 = 10e <\/p>\n

ZAl = 13 Al c\u00f3 13e \u21d2 Al3 c\u00f3 13 – 3 = 10e <\/p>\n

* B\u00e0i 6 trang 60 SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10: <\/strong> H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ion \u0111a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, h\u00e3y k\u1ec3 t\u00ean c\u00e1c ion \u0111a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. c\u00e1c ion: <\/p>\n

a) H3PO4. b) NH4NO3. c) Kali clorua. d) K2SO4. e) Amoni clorua. f) Ca (OH) 2. <\/p>\n

\u00b0 SGK H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 10 Trang 60 B\u00e0i 6 Gi\u1ea3i: <\/strong> <\/p>\n

– H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a KCl kh\u00f4ng? ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ion \u0111a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, ta c\u00f3 b\u1ea3ng sau: <\/p>\n

T\u00ean ion \u0111a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H3PO4 PO43 – anion photphat NH4NO3 NH4 v\u00e0 NO3 – amoni cation NH4 v\u00e0 anion nitrat NO3 – K2SO4 SO42 – anion sunfat NH4Cl NH4 amoni Cation Ca (OH) 2 OH- Anion hi\u0111roxit <\/p>\n

Hi v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion, cation, s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh anion v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp <\/strong> h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n. M\u1ecdi g\u00f3p \u00fd v\u00e0 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n vui l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 vserpuhove.com ghi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n, ch\u00fac c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp vui v\u1ebb. <\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh do l\u1ef1c h\u00fat t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ion mang \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00e1i d\u1ea5u (ion mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ion mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m). B\u1ea1n \u0111ang xem: C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00ean ion V\u1eady li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh? C\u00e1c cation v\u00e0…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":87632,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/httl.com.vn\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87631"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/httl.com.vn\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/httl.com.vn\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/httl.com.vn\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/httl.com.vn\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=87631"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/httl.com.vn\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87631\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/httl.com.vn\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/87632"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/httl.com.vn\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=87631"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/httl.com.vn\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=87631"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/httl.com.vn\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=87631"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}