{"id":81430,"date":"2022-09-04T07:12:18","date_gmt":"2022-09-04T00:12:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/httl.com.vn\/wiki\/nhom-ki-hieu-la-gi\/"},"modified":"2022-09-04T07:12:18","modified_gmt":"2022-09-04T00:12:18","slug":"nhom-ki-hieu-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/httl.com.vn\/wiki\/nhom-ki-hieu-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m l\u00e0 g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p"},"content":{"rendered":"

kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nh\u00f4m l\u00e0 g\u00ec? c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd: <\/strong> <\/h3>\n

nh\u00f4m <\/strong> (b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p: alumin nium <\/strong>, phi\u00ean \u00e2m ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t: a-luy-mi- nh\u00f4m <\/strong>) l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u al <\/strong> v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 13. kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 27 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb. m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 2,7 g \/ cm3. nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 660oC. nh\u00f4m l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 xuy\u00ean qua nh\u00f3m 3 (sau oxy v\u00e0 silic), v\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i phong ph\u00fa nh\u1ea5t trong v\u1ecf tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Nh\u00f4m chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 8% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eafn c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. kim lo\u1ea1i alumina hi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eed c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh. tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf d\u1ea1ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t trong h\u01a1n 270 m\u1eabu kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. qu\u1eb7ng nh\u00f4m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 bauxit. <\/p>\n

Nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 kim c\u00e1i m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u kh\u00e1c. c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t nh\u00f4m <\/strong> h\u1eefu \u00edch nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 oxit v\u00e0 sunfat. <\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng mu\u1ed1i nh\u00f4m. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t nh\u00f4m v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd dung n\u1ea1p t\u1ed1t. <\/p>\n

\"c\u1eeda

c\u1eeda k\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb9p b\u1ec1n uy t\u00edn 2019<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh Nh\u00f4m<\/h4>\n

Nh\u00f4m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u1eb9, m\u1ec1m v\u1edbi l\u1edbp ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng b\u1ea1c m\u1edd do c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u00f4xy h\u00f3a m\u1ecfng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t nhanh khi \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng gian. tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng; n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t m\u1ec1m (ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng sau v\u00e0ng), d\u1ec5 u\u1ed1n (\u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u), v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm; N\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n do c\u00f3 l\u1edbp oxit b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y khi \u0111\u1ec3 ngo\u00e0i kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. <\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t <\/strong> l\u00e0 7-11 mpa, trong khi h\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n t\u1eeb 200 mpa \u0111\u1ebfn 600 mpa. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed nh\u00f4m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m di\u1ec7n (FCC). nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ed7i kho\u1ea3ng 200 mj \/ m2. <\/p>\n

nh\u00f4m ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra hydro v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: <\/p>\n

2 al + 6 h2o \u2192 2 al (oh) 3 + 3 h2 <\/p>\n

T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra hydro, tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf do t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a d\u1ea1ng keo l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng, ng\u0103n kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng di\u1ec5n ra. <\/p>\n

khi nh\u00fang v\u00e0o h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec1m \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c, m\u00e0ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng <\/p>\n

al (oh) 3 + naoh \u2192 naalo2 + 2h2o <\/p>\n

ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u1edbp n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc. ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi al kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u00f2a tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. <\/p>\n

l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m: <\/h4>\n

tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh) v\u1ec1 nh\u00f4m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong naturalis historia de gaius plinius secundus (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 pliny anh): <\/p>\n

m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee3 kim ho\u00e0n \u1edf Rome \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf tiberius xem m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu \u0111\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng kim ch\u1ec9 n\u1eef m\u1edbi. m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u0129a c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u b\u1ea1c s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng. ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 kim ho\u00e0n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ra chi\u1ebfc kim b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t th\u00f4. \u00f4ng c\u0169ng cam \u0111oan v\u1edbi ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m ra c\u00e2y kim b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t n\u00e0y. Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kim lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u n\u00e0y t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t. v\u00ec v\u1eady thay v\u00ec c\u1ea3m \u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 kim ho\u00e0n, anh ta \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u anh ta. <\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 La M\u00e3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng mu\u1ed1i kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m se, ph\u00e8n chua v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m se. N\u0103m 1761 Guyton de Morveau \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t g\u1ecdi g\u1ed1c ph\u00e8n nh\u00f4m. N\u0103m 1808, Humphry Davy x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111a kim c\u1ee7a ph\u00e8n, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho nh\u00f4m l\u00e0 nh\u00f4m. <\/p>\n

Th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Friedrich W\u00f6hler th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn ngay v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp nh\u00f4m v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1827. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1edf d\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng tinh khi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y hai n\u0103m b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110an M\u1ea1ch Hans Christian Rsted. <\/p>\n

nh\u00f4m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i washton c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd 1 ounce (28,35 g) c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. <\/p>\n

tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1880, nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb r\u1ea5t cao, h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea1c. l\u00fd do cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng nh\u00f4m c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Napol\u00e9on III – T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0103n u\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u00f4m khi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch quan tr\u1ecdng; Nh\u00e0 vua \u0110an M\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Paris th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111eo \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 \u0111eo \u1ed1ng nh\u00f2m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. <\/p>\n

charles martin hall \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf (s\u1ed1 400655) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1886, cho m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n nh\u00f4m. Henri Saint-Claire Deville (Ph\u00e1p) \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a W\u00f6hler (1846) v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh n\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u0103m 1859 v\u1edbi hai c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh. vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i qua hall-h\u00e9roult v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1886 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p nh\u00f4m t\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ebb v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u quan t\u00e2m. <\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u00f4m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sau khi Adolf hitler l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1942, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1eadp Grand Coulee \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hy v\u1ecdng c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u00f4m \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a 60.000 m\u00e1y bay chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u trong n\u0103m b\u1ed1n n\u0103m. <\/p>\n

\"c\u1eeda

c\u1eeda \u0111i nh\u00f4m k\u00ednh m\u1edf quay 2 c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb9p 2019<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb nh\u00f4m:<\/h3>\n

V\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00f4m v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb s\u1eaft, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. nh\u00f4m nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p kim v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng, k\u1ebdm, magi\u00ea, mangan v\u00e0 silic. khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. <\/p>\n

    \n
  • H\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong m\u00e1y bay v\u00e0 t\u00ean l\u1eeda do t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n tr\u00ean kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. <\/li>\n
  • Khi nh\u00f4m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ee7 trong ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 c\u1ea3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp nh\u00f4m oxit m\u1ecfng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t v\u1ee1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ea1c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp nh\u00f4m ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu \u1edf m\u1eb7t sau c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh trong. g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh thi\u00ean v\u0103n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp nh\u00f4m m\u1ecfng, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 b\u00ean trong, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00eda tr\u00ean nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u01a1n v\u1edbi h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng. <\/li>\n
  • \u0111\u00f4i khi h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ecf m\u1ea1 nh\u00f4m thay v\u00ec v\u00e0ng. – tr\u00e1ng ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean v\u1ec7 tinh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c b\u00f3ng bay \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cho \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb tia h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i. gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 tia h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam. <\/li>\n
  • h\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m, nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng (\u00f4 t\u00f4, m\u00e1y bay, xe t\u1ea3i, toa xe l\u1eeda, t\u00e0u th\u1ee7y, v.v.) <\/li>\n
  • bao b\u00ec (lon, gi\u1ea5y g\u00f3i, v.v.) <\/li>\n
  • x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1edbp n\u01b0\u1edbc <\/li>\n
  • t\u1eeb (c\u1eeda s\u1ed5, c\u1eeda ra v\u00e0o, b\u1ea3ng, v.v. tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf cu\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng). <\/li>\n
  • v\u1eadt t\u01b0 ti\u00eau hao c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf cao (nh\u1eefng c\u1eadu b\u00e9 l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 trang tr\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp, v.v.) <\/li>\n
  • \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 60% \u0111\u1ed3ng, n\u00f3 nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng h\u01a1n <\/li>\n
  • th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. <\/li>\n
  • m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00f4m l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p mkm v\u00e0 nam ch\u00e2m alnico. <\/li>\n
  • nh\u00f4m c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 tinh khi\u1ebft (spa) ch\u1ee9a 99,980% -99,999% nh\u00f4m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u0129a cd. <\/li>\n
  • nh\u00f4m d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u00e0u b\u1ea1c cho s\u01a1n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam v\u1ea3y nh\u00f4m v\u00e0o s\u01a1n l\u00f3t, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong x\u1eed l\u00fd g\u1ed7: khi qu\u00e1 kh\u00f4, v\u1ea3y nh\u00f4m t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ch\u1ecbu n\u01b0\u1edbc cao. <\/li>\n
  • anot nh\u00f4m. H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u00e1c nhau. <\/li>\n
  • H\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn b\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t CPU trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb nh\u00f4m do t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n trong ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t cao. <\/li>\n
  • Nh\u00f4m oxit, alumin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ee7y tinh, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf d\u1ea1ng corundum, \u0111\u00e1 nh\u00e1m, ruby \u200b\u200bv\u00e0 Sapphire . H\u1ed3ng ng\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdc b\u00edch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng laze \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng giao thoa. <\/li>\n
  • Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m bao ph\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u1eafn c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u00ean l\u1eeda, nhi\u1ec7t nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1o hoa. <\/li>\n
  • Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c m\u1eabu kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao (nh\u01b0 cr\u00f4m cr\u00f4m vonfram w …) <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, gia c\u00f4ng nh\u00f4m <\/h3>\n

    \u0110\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m <\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh khi hydro h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi magi\u00ea trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 si\u00eau t\u00e2n tinh. <\/p>\n

    M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u00f4m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u trong v\u1ecf tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t (8,3% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng), nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm \u1edf d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i qu\u00fd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n v\u00e0ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Napol\u00e9on III c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n b\u1eb1ng nh\u00f4m d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng (nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng). do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00f4m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1edbi trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1n 100 n\u0103m. <\/p>\n

    Khi nh\u00f4m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef. V\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u00f4m tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00ean n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 ki\u1ebfm nh\u1ea5t. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 do nh\u00f4m oxy h\u00f3a r\u1ea5t nhanh v\u00e0 nh\u00f4m oxit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u1ed3ng r\u1ed9p. <\/p>\n

    T\u00e1i ch\u1ebf nh\u00f4m t\u1eeb kim lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p luy\u1ec7n nh\u00f4m. t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i kim lo\u1ea1i, chi ph\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u1eeb kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t. luy\u1ec7n nh\u00f4m ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n; vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n kho\u1ea3ng 5% c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e0o b\u00e1n trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1900, t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf nh\u00f4m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi. tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng y\u00ean t\u0129nh cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00f4m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf nh\u00f4m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra trong m\u1eaft c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf nh\u00f4m bao g\u1ed3m \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u1eeda nh\u00f4m c\u0169 v\u00e0 khung c\u1eeda s\u1ed5, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u0169, th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c. <\/p>\n

    Nh\u00f4m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp kh\u1ecfi kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t, nh\u00f4m oxit (Al2O3). kh\u1eed tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 v\u1edbi cacbon, kh\u00f4ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00ec nh\u00f4m oxit c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao (kho\u1ea3ng 2000 \u00b0 c). do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n: nh\u00f4m oxit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a tan trong criolit n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb kh\u1eed b\u1edfi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u00f4m. Theo k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 950-980 \u00b0 C. ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf nh\u00f4m l\u00e0: <\/p>\n

    2al2o3 – & gt; 4al + 3o2 <\/p>\n

    Cryolit ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t \u1edf Greenland, nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng cryolit t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. criolit l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m, natri v\u00e0 canxi florua (na3alf6). nh\u00f4m oxit \u1edf d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng b\u00f4xit tinh luy\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf do ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng 30 – 40% oxit s\u1eaft. n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh theo nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa bayer. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y, khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 t\u1eebng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 deville. <\/p>\n

    gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a th\u1ee3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa w\u00f6hler l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eed nh\u00f4m clorua khan b\u1eb1ng kali. <\/p>\n

    N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n nh\u00f4m oxit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb cacbon. khi kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, c\u00e1c ion c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 do. ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u1edf c\u1ef1c \u00e2m c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0: <\/p>\n

    al3 + + 3e- \u2192 al <\/p>\n

    \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c ion nh\u00f4m b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i (thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u electron h\u01a1n). sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00f4m kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u1ecfi l\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n. <\/p>\n

    \u1edf c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng (c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng) kh\u00ed oxy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh: <\/p>\n

    2o2- \u2192 o2 + 4e- <\/p>\n

    anot cacbon b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a b\u1edfi oxy. c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f2n d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i thay th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00ec n\u00f3 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau hao do ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: <\/p>\n

    o2 + c \u2192 co2 <\/p>\n

    Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ef1c \u00e2m h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00f4xy \u1edf g\u1ea7n n\u00f3. c\u1ef1c \u00e2m cacbon ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nh\u00f4m l\u1ecfng trong l\u00f2. s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n catot ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a. Sau 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 n\u0103m, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n, l\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00ec c\u1ef1c \u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. <\/p>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n nh\u00f4m b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hall-h\u00e9roult ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung l\u00e0 14,5-15,5 kWh \/ kg nh\u00f4m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. c\u00e1c l\u00f2 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng 12,8 kWh \/ kg. d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u0169 l\u00e0 100.000-200.000 a. c\u00e1c l\u00f2 nung hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 350.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong l\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng 500.000 a. <\/p>\n

    \u0110i\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfm t\u1eeb 20% \u0111\u1ebfn 40% chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u00f4m, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a l\u00f2. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y luy\u1ec7n nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Nam Phi, \u0110\u1ea3o Nam c\u1ee7a New Zealand, \u00dac, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Trung \u0110\u00f4ng, Nga v\u00e0 Quebec \u1edf Canada. <\/P><\/p>\n

    Trung Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh nh\u00f4m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (2004). <\/p>\n

    \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m: <\/h3>\n

    nh\u00f4m ch\u1ee9a ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb, s\u1ed1 z c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 23 \u0111\u1ebfn 30. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 al-27 (\u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh) v\u00e0 al-26 (\u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1, t1 \/ 2 = 7,2 \u00d7 105 n\u0103m) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, tuy nhi\u00ean \u1edf -27 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 100% s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. al-26 g\u1eb7p agon trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n do s\u1ef1 va ch\u1ea1m t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c tia proton trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. \u0110\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch bi\u1ec3n, tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch mangan, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng, th\u1ea1ch anh trong \u0111\u00e1 l\u1ed9 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 Al-26 so v\u1edbi Beryllium-10 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch, l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 x\u00f3i m\u00f2n tr\u00ean thang tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd t\u1eeb 105 \u0111\u1ebfn 106 n\u0103m (v\u1ec1 sai s\u1ed1). <\/p>\n

    al-26 t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng gian l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch, sau khi tho\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, trong khi du h\u00e0nh trong kh\u00f4ng gian, b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c tia v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed al-26. Sau khi r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u00e1 ch\u1eafn kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra Al-26 n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. . C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho th\u1ea5y Al-26 \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1i \u0111a h\u00ecnh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 h\u00e0nh tinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a al-26 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ly c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh tinh sau khi ch\u00fang h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh dung d\u1ecbch c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 4,55 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m. <\/p>\n

    c\u1ee5m <\/h4>\n

    C\u00f3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2005 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m g\u1ed3m 13 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed nh\u00f4m (Al13) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed i\u1ed1t; v\u00e0 14 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed nh\u00f4m (al14) c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m th\u1ed5. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft 12 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed i\u1ed1t v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m al13 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp polyiodide m\u1edbi. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1edf ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1: “nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m”. \u0111\u1ed9i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi shiv n. Khanna (Kh\u1ed1i th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Virginia) v\u00e0 A. welford l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i jr (\u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc bang penn). <\/p>\n

    c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00f4m <\/h3>\n

    nh\u00f4m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u00edt nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u00f3: h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam da ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac do c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m: ng\u1ee9a do s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m se ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i (b\u1ed9t tan), r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n ti\u00eau h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ea5u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng, n\u1ed3i nh\u00f4m, n\u00f4n m\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u00f4m kh\u00e1c do \u0103n (u\u1ed1ng) c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kaopectate\u00ae (thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ecb ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y), amphojel\u00ae v\u00e0 maalox\u00ae (thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng axit). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, nh\u00f4m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh. \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m n\u00f3i chung. ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng axit c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n duy nh\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh nh\u00f4m. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh Alzheimer, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf n\u00f3. <\/p>\n

    H\u00e3y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00f4m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhanh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a oxit nh\u00f4m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i nh\u00f4m. trong v\u00e0i gi\u1edd, ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00f9m c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac cao c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb suy y\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c s\u00e2n bay v\u00e0 h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec nh\u00f4m l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n m\u00e1y bay. <\/p>\n

    h\u00f3a nh\u00f4m <\/h3>\n

    tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i oxy h\u00f3a 1 <\/h4>\n
      \n
    • alh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf khi nh\u00f4m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn 1500 \u00b0 c trong hydro. <\/li>\n
    • al2o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nung n\u00f3ng oxit th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ho\u1eb7c al2o3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n silicon \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 1800 \u00b0 c trong ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng. <\/li>\n
    • al2s \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nung al2s3 v\u1edbi v\u1ecf nh\u00f4m \u0111\u1ebfn 1300 \u00b0 C trong ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng. nhanh ch\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u1ea7u. selenua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf theo c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. <\/li>\n
    • alf, alcl v\u00e0 albr t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong pha kh\u00ed khi ba halogenua c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi nh\u00f4m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111un n\u00f3ng. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i oxy h\u00f3a 2 <\/h3>\n

      \"C\u1eeda

      C\u1eeda nh\u00f4m k\u00ednh cao c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t 2019<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \n
      • Sub\u00f4x\u00edt nh\u00f4m, AlO s\u1edf h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00fac b\u1ed9t nh\u00f4m ch\u00e1y trong \u00f4xy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i oxy h\u00f3a 3 <\/h3>\n
          \n
        • Quy t\u1eafc fajans ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng cation al3 + h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb ba kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong mu\u1ed1i khan ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n nh\u01b0 al2o3. Nh\u00f4m hydroxit l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng baz\u01a1 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1i nh\u00f4m c\u1ee7a axit y\u1ebfu, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1i cacbonat. mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a axit m\u1ea1nh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nitrat, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh hy\u0111rat v\u1edbi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t s\u00e1u ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebft tinh. <\/li>\n
        • nh\u00f4m hi\u0111rua, (alh3) n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb nh\u00f4m trimetylic v\u00e0 d\u01b0 hi\u0111ro. n\u1ed5 trong kh\u00f4ng gian. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m clorua v\u1edbi hi\u0111rua liti trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ete, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp \u1edf d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 do t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch. <\/li>\n
        • Nh\u00f4m cacbua, Al4C3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n b\u00ed m\u1eadt. quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111un h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p hai nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 tr\u00ean 1.000 \u00b0 C. tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c axit m\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra metan. Axetylide, Al2 (C2) 3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho axetylen \u0111i qua nh\u00f4m n\u00f3ng. <\/li>\n
        • Nh\u00f4m nitrua, Aln, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u1edf 800 \u00b0 C. b\u1ecb th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n b\u1edfi l\u1edbp n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh amoniac v\u00e0 nh\u00f4m hydroxit. <\/li>\n
        • nh\u00f4m photphat, alp, ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ecb th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh photphat (ph3). <\/li>\n
        • nh\u00f4m oxit, Al2O3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 corundum, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nung nh\u00f4m v\u1edbi oxy ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111un n\u00f3ng hydroxit, nitrat ho\u1eb7c sunfat. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng sau kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng, boron nitride v\u00e0 carborundum. n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a tan c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. <\/li>\n
        • Nh\u00f4m hydroxit c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a s\u1ec1n s\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam amoniac v\u00e0o h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p mu\u1ed1i nh\u00f4m. n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t baz\u01a1 y\u1ebfu v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t axit y\u1ebfu, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c alumin ch\u1ee9a kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3. <\/li>\n
        • Nh\u00f4m sunfua, Al2S3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho hydro sunfua \u0111i qua b\u1ed9t nh\u00f4m. n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng \u0111a h\u00ecnh. <\/li>\n
        • nh\u00f4m florua, alf3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi hai nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c cho nh\u00f4m hydroxit t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi hf. t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u1edbn, bay h\u01a1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u1edf 1.291 \u00b0 C (th\u0103ng hoa). N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t tr\u01a1. c\u00e1c trihalit kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t dimer, c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i. <\/li>\n
        • c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t nh\u00f4m h\u1eefu c\u01a1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c chung l\u00e0 alr3 v\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u1edbn, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111ime ho\u1eb7c x\u00e9n. ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u00f4m trimetyl. <\/li>\n
        • aluminohydrua c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 liti nh\u00f4m hy\u0111rua, li [alh4]. Khi \u0111un n\u00f3ng, n\u00f3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y th\u00e0nh nh\u00f4m, hydro v\u00e0 lithium hi\u0111rua, n\u00f3 th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n trong l\u1edbp n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu c\u01a1. alumino-halogenua [alr4] c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. (tr\u00edch t\u1eeb wikipedia) <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u00ean, ph\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nh\u00f4m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n. c\u00f9ng thanh long t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a l\u00fd c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y: <\/p>\n

          k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m l\u00e0 g\u00ec, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00e0 g\u00ec? c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra chi ti\u1ebft <\/b> <\/h2>\n

          Nh\u00f4m ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cao. s\u1edf d\u0129 nh\u00f4m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u chu\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u00f3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u1edf n\u00ean ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o h\u01a1n. nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eafc m\u1eafc k <\/i> \u00ed hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m l\u00e0 g\u00ec <\/i> <\/b>, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00e0 g\u00ec. c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp theo. <\/i> <\/p>\n

          k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m l\u00e0 g\u00ec? <\/b> <\/h3>\n

          \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng h\u1ecdc k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho m\u00ecnh. v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00e1 b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m <\/strong> b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 al <\/b>, l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed 13. <\/p>\n

          nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 27 g \/ cm3, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 660 \u0111\u1ed9 C., n\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 phong ph\u00fa th\u1ee9 ba sau \u00f4xy v\u00e0 silic. nh\u00f4m l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong v\u1ecf tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 8% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eafn c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. <\/p>\n

          c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a l\u00fd c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m l\u00e0 g\u00ec? <\/b> <\/h3>\n

          Nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh h\u00f3a l\u00fd \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd sau: <\/p>\n

            \n
          • m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cao. <\/li>\n
          • d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t, d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t cao, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p. <\/li>\n
          • \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i cao, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao. <\/li>\n
          • m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo, d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00fac. <\/li>\n
          • kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Nh\u00ecn chung, nh\u00f4m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, v\u00ec nh\u00f4m nh\u1eb9, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n, d\u1ec5 th\u00e1o l\u1eafp, u\u1ed1n cong v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng. <\/p>\n

            V\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u00f4m \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. <\/p>\n

            \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m l\u00e0 g\u00ec r\u1ed3i ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng? M\u1ecdi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t nh\u00f4m k\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb9p thanh long \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1. ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb chuy\u00ean cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1eeda nh\u00f4m xingfa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1ec1 nh\u00f4m xingfa cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. li\u00ean h\u1ec7 hotline b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. <\/p>\n

            thanh long – nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1eeda nh\u00f4m k\u00ednh chuy\u00ean ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u1eaft k\u00ednh v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 k\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tuy\u1ec7t t\u00e1c c\u1eaft k\u00ednh n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u01b0: c\u1eaft k\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c c\u1eeda k\u00ednh. c\u1ed1c c\u00f3 khung nh\u00f4m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5? <\/strong> <\/p>\n

            Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u1eaft k\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c uy t\u00edn cho b\u1ea1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 mua h\u00e0ng. ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn cho m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u1ee3p t\u00fai ti\u1ec1n. \u0110\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng uy t\u00edn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed sau: <\/p>\n

            \"c\u1eeda<\/p>\n

            \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u00f4m nh\u01b0 c\u1eeda nh\u00f4m k\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t 2019 <\/p>\n

            th\u00e0nh r\u1ed3ng: n\u01a1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1eeda nh\u00f4m k\u00ednh gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb uy t\u00edn 2019 <\/h4>\n

            m\u1ed9t, uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty c\u1eaft k\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o. <\/p>\n

            2, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1eaft k\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m cao. <\/p>\n

            3, c\u00e1c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eaft k\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. <\/p>\n

            <3<\/p>\n

            5, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, t\u1eadn t\u00e2m, c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m s\u1edf h\u1eefu b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh do t\u00f4i t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 c\u1eaft k\u00ednh. <\/p>\n

            6, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nhanh ch\u00f3ng, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p hay kh\u00f4ng. <\/p>\n

            Nh\u00ecn chung, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1eaft k\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c uy t\u00edn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n nay b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed tr\u00ean. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn trung t\u00e2m mua s\u1eafm, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u k\u1ef9 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. <\/p>\n

            D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1eaft k\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u uy t\u00edn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n nay? <\/strong> <\/h4>\n

            \"C\u1eeda<\/p>\n

            c\u1eeda nh\u00f4m k\u00ednh v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eb9p 2019 <\/p>\n

            c\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u1eeda nh\u00f4m k\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb9p cho si\u00eau th\u1ecb n\u0103m 2019 <\/p>\n

            mua nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u1eaft k\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c uy t\u00edn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay <\/strong> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, v\u00ec hi\u1ec7n nay tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 chuy\u00ean cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1eaft kcl \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u1eaft k\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1eebng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i: n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t nh\u00f4m k\u00ednh <\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o gi\u00e1. n\u1ed9i dung th\u00f4ng minh nh\u1ea5t. <\/p>\n

            V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p v\u1ec1 c\u1eeda nh\u00f4m k\u00ednh uy t\u00edn nh\u1ea5t <\/strong> tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, hy v\u1ecdng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. mua ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ngay v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t c\u1eeda nh\u00f4m k\u00ednh <\/strong> \u0111\u1eb9p qua v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ngay nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111ang ch\u1edd b\u1ea1n. <\/p>\n

            c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u00f4m k\u00ednh chenglong <\/strong> shop: 320, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, p. khu ph\u1ed1 m\u1edbi, q. so phu, city. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh <\/strong> \u0111t: 0909 541 228 (mr long) *** xem th\u00eam: & gt; & gt; kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cc\u1eeda l\u00e0 g\u00ec\u201d <\/strong> <\/p>\n

            & gt; & gt; d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1eaft k\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb9p gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t & gt; & gt; c\u1eeda nh\u00f4m vi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nh\u00f4m l\u00e0 g\u00ec? c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd: nh\u00f4m (b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p: alumin nium , phi\u00ean \u00e2m ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t: a-luy-mi- nh\u00f4m ) l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u al v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u nguy\u00ean…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":81431,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/httl.com.vn\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81430"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/httl.com.vn\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/httl.com.vn\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/httl.com.vn\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/httl.com.vn\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=81430"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/httl.com.vn\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81430\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/httl.com.vn\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/81431"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/httl.com.vn\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=81430"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/httl.com.vn\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=81430"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/httl.com.vn\/wiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=81430"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}